Peter Frantsev Biography

The pharmacist did not want to be his father rather severely raised his son, instilling respect for work, aversion to laziness and untruth, principles. Mother - Henrietta Adamovna - was a midwife, from time to time providing obstetric assistance to women in labor. Perhaps it was she who instilled in Peter an interest in medicine. Having received the initial education of the house, Peter, or, as he was more often called, Peter, following the example of the older brothers in the city of Peter, the famous “Petershule”, the quality of teaching in which was considered one of the best in St.

Petersburg. He studied successfully, but after three years of study at the school, his father decided to give him as a student to a familiar pharmacist. At first, the boy liked the grinding of powders and the preparation of paper bags, but gradually the monotonous work became unbearable for his lively and active nature. Having escaped from the pharmacist, he returned home, to the great chagrin of his mother and the open anger of his father.

Material difficulties at this time in the family were especially noticeable. The defender of Peter in the conflict was the elder brother Alexander. With his help, Peter prepared for the senior classes of the gymnasium and in the fall of G. in the city of receiving secondary education, Peter Frantsevich submitted documents to the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy.

In the summer of G. During the study of Peter Lesgft, the department and clinic of the Academy was headed by Y. Chistovich, N. Zdecauer, T. Illinsky, A. Krasovsky, V. Eck, P. Zabolotsky-Tyatytsky, I. All of them had a certain influence on Leshafta, but the main role in his formation as an anatomist-research and scientist, undoubtedly, played a professor of Veenzlav Leopoldovich Gruber.

The first award - Rules thanks to the lessons of Grober, Peter Frantsevich well mastered the embalming methodology. At the end of the training course, Leshaft remained at the Academy as an assistant and a native. At this time, he conducted active research, devoting himself to all himself. The result was that Leshaft was already talking not only in St. Petersburg.

His high anatomical technology, undoubted teaching abilities and the first scientific works that appeared in the press attracted the leaders of the medical faculty of Kyiv University, where he was invited to the Department of Anatomy. At the same time, a competition was announced to the post of head of the Department of Physiological Anatomy at Kazan University. Pyotr Frantsevich opted for Kazan and sent the necessary documents there.

In Kazan, Leshaft arrived in the city, therefore, a message that this talented professor will read lectures on physiological and surgical anatomy, and the entire university instantly flew around. Lesgaft with an extraordinary professor. But he received a salary of an ordinary professor. That is, the leadership of Kazan University from the very beginning expressed great respect to Peter Frantsevich, rightly evaluating his knowledge in anatomy.

And Leshaft did not hit the mud in his face. Not only doctors, but also students of other faculties gathered for his first lecture. And she did not disappoint the audience, ended with stormy applause. This is a lecture on anatomy! Those who have heard Leshaft's lectures recall them: “An honest and open figure who has never gone out of a direct path, an ardent advocate of academic freedom, an indispensable professor-driver and a teacher of life, he will forever remain a bright example of honest ministry to science and society, to which he was invisible and fascinating lectures, his figurative speech with the uncertained statements in the incomplete statements into The side of the issues of practical life was always collected a huge audience, attracting even people of foreign specialties, and he created the hot adherents of his doctrine for students, he called them freedom of judgments, called them to self -education, independence.

With his directness, Peter Frantsevich repeated more than once that each person should be himself, that he should not be allowed to be constantly led by the hand, it is necessary to seek knowledge on his own. It is no accident that in one of his articles he wrote: “The meaning of life is labor, work not for himself, but for others; Only this work of a person, performing entire generations, leads to an endless improvement of the human person.

” Three years spent by Peter Frantsevich at Kazan University left a noticeable mark. He quickly won the sympathy of students and advanced professors. But the rules of conduct constrained Leshaft, preventing him from working even more fruitful, so he simply stepped over them. So, in the city, for the first time in Russia, a woman put on a pisser's apron and stood next to men.

In addition, Leshaft was one of the founders of the Society of Naturalists at Kazan University. The University Anthropological Museum began to be replenished with interesting exhibits, the idea of ​​creating which also belonged to Peter Frantsevich. Shestakov wrote: “What students love Lesgaft is completely clear: he reads vividly, animatedly, from morning to late at night he works with students in the anatomical theater and brings them huge benefits, giving all his time to their beloved science and students.

How not to love him?The public lectures read by him now made him a favorite of the public, which his living, animated speech, his love for his subject, expressed in every word, in every movement, fascinates him, the famous revolutionary Vera Figner, who was detained to listen to Leshaft's lectures in Kazan, wrote about him delightedly: “The charm of the personality of Peter Fransevich was deeply respectful from the part of the students He was surrounded by a central figure for freshmen, a thunderstorm and together a beloved in character, passionately loving his science and jealous for students' studies, a person felt in him during the first contact, and a wonderful merging of a good person with an excellent teacher created a charm that made him a model, an ideal for generations that had happiness to begin their student years under his leadership.

” In the declining years, summing up the results of his stormy and rich in life, Vera Figner penetratively speaks of the role that Lesgaft played in the life of Kazan Student: “For every beginning to study and begins to live the greatest happiness, a meeting with an excellent model of mankind. This is happiness, because it is one of the powerful favorable factors that determine the entire future of a person.

And on the threshold of the university, on this threshold of life, students found this happiness, met this example. I experienced it on myself, but I was not an exception: around the whole atmosphere was saturated with the same influence, the same attitude, and later many of the same confessions broke out of his other students. ” Not only democratically configured students, but also advanced professors rallied around Leshaft.

In the situation, when the autonomy of universities became a fiction when the trustee turned into an omnipotent “manager” of the university, when surveillance of students intensified every year, Peter Frantsevich enters the path of struggle. Indeed, for him, science and politics were inseparable. The road of the struggle was difficult. But Leshaft firmly goes along its path.

He acts, for example, a consistent supporter of female higher education, the assumption of women to universities - the sore thought for Russia of those years! Despite the highest command, published in January, the number of talented girls who are fond of medicine is constantly growing, and Leshaft pays special attention to them, and additionally is engaged in them. One of his listeners was Vera Figner.

Such a stormy activity promised that Kazan would become a long -term refuge for Leshaft. However, fate ordered otherwise. The turning point in the life of Peter Frantsevich Lesgft was his publication in the newspaper St. Petersburg Vedomosti in January G. University orders sharply criticized in it. Criticism began on the already prepared grounds for hostility to the trustee of P.

The article wrote that the trustee "constantly harasses to turn the university into a submissive gymnasium or rather into the office of obedient officials." The impetus was the exams, which instead of Professor Leshaft, was accepted by a professor of pathological anatomy A. When analyzing the case on the University Council, it turned out that the exams were carried out in violation of the requirements, without preparation of the corpse.

Outraged by this circumstance, Peter Frantsevich wrote a letter to the newspaper. Thus, a CRO was taken out of the university hut to the courtyard of all of Russia. The article was not signed, the university was not named, but facts were called in it, by which it was impossible not to recognize Kazan University. The article was reprinted in many newspapers - both Russian and foreign.

The scandal came out of the All -Russian! For the first time, it was publicly described about the inner life of Kazan University - and with knowledge of the case, with specific facts.

The trustee of Shestakov recognized himself, but trying to justify himself, called the article “Dirty Pasquil”, under which the author was afraid to put his name. But the brave professor prints another article - no longer anonymously, but behind his signature. It opened with the words of passionate protest: “Each arbitrary action is very sad, but even more sad and regrettable, if there is no protection from arbitrariness and lawlessness, if they refuse not only to disassemble, but also to listen to what is being done; One thing remains - to resort to publicity.

” However, Leshaft went against not only university order, but the entire ruling regime with his publication. Therefore, the reaction followed immediately. The Minister of Education on October 14, the tsarist resolution is born: "Professor of Kazan University of Leshaft to dismiss service without petition so as not to determine him for any position in the educational part." Professor Leshaft was immediately dismissed from the university without the right to engage in pedagogical activities.

A passport was taken from him and issued a certificate - “Wolf Ticket”, confirming that he was the Leshaft, which was fired from Kazan University without the right to engage in pedagogical activities. The dismissal of Leshaft caused a wide public outcry.As a sign of solidarity from Kazan University, 7 young scientists left: professor of geology N. Golovkinsky, professor of histology A.

Golubev, professor of physiological chemistry A. Danilevsky, professor of private pathology and therapy P.