Pushkin biography EPUB

Born on May 26, June 6 BC. Raised by French tutors, from home schooling only a wonderful knowledge of French and a love of reading took out. Love for his native language was instilled by his grandmother, Maria Alekseevna Gannibal, who spoke excellently and wrote in Russian a rare phenomenon in the noble families of that time, and the nanny Arina Rodionovna. The early development of Pushkin’s literary inclinations was facilitated by literary evenings in the Pushkin’s house, where prominent writers gathered.

In the year, Pushkin entered the newly open Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum - a privileged educational institution intended for training on a special program of higher government officials from children of the noble estate. Here Pushkin first felt like a poet: his talent was recognized as comrades in the lyceum, among whom were Delvig, Kuchelbeker, Pushchin, mentors of the Lyceum, as well as the luminaries of Russian literature: Derzhavin, Zhukovsky, Batyushkov, Karamzin.

Pushkin and Petersburg Petersburg period Summer - Spring passes violently: formally listed on the College of Foreign Affairs, Pushkin is not burdened with the service, preferring her theater, friendly feasts, secular life, short "novels" and frequent duels, sharp poems, sharpness and epigrams. By conviction, separated by both Karamzin and the people of the Decembrist warehouse, Pushkin is windy, frivolous and hardly worthy of his poetic talent.

At the same time, Pushkin’s friendship with P. Chaadaev and other famous poets and writers of that time continues, he communicates with the convinced opponent of serfdom by N. Turgenev, the impact of his views is noticeable in the poem “Village”, writes poems in the high civil tradition “Littleness”, refuses not without the influence of P. Cutenin and pays due archais poets; Through Delviga, he meets E.

Baratynsky and P. Youth - students and freedom of that time - Pushkin is recognized as a recognized leader. The result of these years was the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" by a separate publication published in early August, which was the performance of a poetic order of the era, over which Zhukovsky and Batyushkov fought in vain. In the poem, historical heroics, elegic melancholy, frivolity, national flavor, fantasy and humor are at ease.

He decided to punish the poet, exiled to Siberia or to the Solovetsky monastery. Pushkin was summoned to the military governor of St. Petersburg to Count M. there, confessing that he destroyed seditious poems ahead of time, filled them with a whole notebook. Touched by a knightly gesture, Miloradovich promised royal forgiveness; He turned to Alexander I, apparently, Karamzin, usually not inclined to the petitions.

The punishment was softened, and Pushkin was seconded to the governor of Bessarabia Lieutenant General I. Meeting in Yekaterinoslav with the new boss and having made a trip to the Caucasus and Crimea with his permission, Pushkin arrives in Chisinau September Vestabern for European revolutions and the Greek uprising, Bessarabian “a mixture of clothes and persons, tribes, adverbs, adverbs states ", contacts with members of secret societies M.

Orlov, V. Raevsky, P. Pestel and others. Poetization of individualism, which is difficult to associate with freedom, mighty passion or disappointment, attention to exotic color Nature, alien to civilization of morals and customs, strengthening of the snowdrifts are noticeable in the new elegias" The daytime luminaries, "Black Blacks" The Black Ballads "The Black shawl ",; The prisoner, the philosophical and political lyrics of Napoleon, and especially in the "eastern novels" by Byron of the poems "Caucasian captive", fearing a search, he destroyed autobiographical notes, which, according to him, "could knead many, perhaps, multiply the number of victims." With deep excitement, Pushkin was waiting for news from the capital, in letters he asked friends to "not answer and not to vouch" for him, leaving the freedom of action and beliefs.

The days of languid expectation ended in September, when Pushkin receives the order of Nicholas I with the Feldyeger to immediately arrive in Moscow in Moscow, the emperor was crowned in the Kremlin. Frightened by the universal disapproval of the executions and links of noble officers, Emperor Nicholas I was looking for ways of reconciliation with society. The return of the poet from exile could contribute to this.

In addition, the emperor hoped to attract Pushkin to his side, to make him a court poet. As a great mercy, he announced to Pushkin that he himself would be his censor. The censorship of the king turned into police supervision: Boris Godunov was banned for several years; The poet was forbidden not only to publish, but also to read anywhere his works, not viewed by the king.

The poet’s heavy thoughts are reflected in the verses of this period: “Memory”, “Gift Vaporous, Gift is random”, “Hungry” in April Pushkin again made N. Goncharova, which was accepted this time, and in the fall went to his estate Boldino to arrange things and prepare for the wedding. The cholera epidemic forced him to linger here for several months. This period of the poet’s work is known as the Boldin Autumn.Taking a great creative rise, Pushkin wrote to his friend and publisher P.

Pletnev: “I’ll give you the whole thing, and prose, and poetry” - and restrained his word: in Boldin Pushkin wrote such works as “Story by Ivan Petrovich Belkin”, “Little Tragedies”, “A Tale of the Pope, and about his employee,” The poems "Elegy", "Demons", "Forgiveness" and many others, the "Eugene Onegin" is completed. In the summer, Pushkin again entered the public service in a foreign collegium with the right to access the state archive.

The last years of Pushkin’s life have passed in a difficult situation of all aggravated relations with the king and hostility to the poet from the influential circles of the court and bureaucratic aristocracy. In order not to lose access to the archive, Pushkin was forced to come to terms with the appointment of his chamber junker, offensive to the poet, as this court rank usually “complained” to young people.

The poet was followed, his letters were perlustrated, the material affairs of Pushkin had more and more worsened four children - Maria, Natalya, Alexander and Grigory, debts grew. But, although in such hard conditions, creative work could not be intense, it was in recent years that Pushkin wrote the novels “Peak Lady”, “Egyptian Nights”, “Captain's Daughter”, the poem “Copper Horseman”, and fairy tales.

In the end, Pushkin received permission to publish his magazine, called by him "Contemporary". He hoped that the magazine would contribute to the development of Russian literature, and did everything to achieve this goal - the artistic level of the magazine was unusually high: such a collection of brilliant talents was not yet known to the Russian periodicals Zhukovsky, Baratynsky, D.

Davydov, Gogol, Tyutchev, Koltsov. In winter, the envious and enemies of Pushkin from the Higher St. Petersburg aristocracy launched an vile slander on his wife, associating her name with the name of the king, and then with the name of the location of Nicholas I Baron Dantes, brazenly caring for Natalia Nikolaevna. To protect his honor, Pushkin called Dantes to a duel, which took place on January 27, February 8 BC.

The poet was mortally wounded and died two days later. Fearing the demonstrations, the king ordered to secretly take out the body of Pushkin from St. Petersburg. The coffin was accompanied by the gendarme and the old friend of the poet’s family, A. was buried by Pushkin in the cemetery of the Svyatogorsky monastery, five miles from the village of Mikhailovskoye.