Work biography of the writer
National and Ethnic Problems in the Novel by M. Sorokina, N. Golubkov M. Borev, Yu. Rozin V. Personality of the Author in Life and Art: Cultural and Historical Studies. On the formation of the aesthetic concept in the novel by M. National and ethnic problems in the novel by M. The personality of the author in life and in art: cultural and historical sketches. Makarchuk I.
Doi: for quoting: Makarchuk I. Biography of the masters of the artistic word are the subject of a wide study in humanitarian studies, while not only the biographies of specific writers are considered, but also the theoretical and methodological features of their reconstruction.
Axiomatic is the provision that the writer’s inner world, his creative discoveries and searches represent a system of values that are immanently present in the text. The biography of the master of the artistic word is the starting point, the creative bosom in which the variety of copyright ideas is transformed into a single creative platform. And then to draw a conclusion: is it possible to trust the opinion of a person who has such a character, so he has lived his life, whether this opinion needs to be taken into account, formulating his own [1].
It should be noted that the tradition of connecting the understanding of the text and the biography of the writer goes back to F. Schleiermacher for whom to understand the text meant to understand the author, the personality who is the subject of the text [2, p. Redecker also noted the meaning of the subjective factor in the literature: “reality, before becoming an image, must go through an artist,” since the writer’s life process is “an essential substantive component of a work of art” [3, p.
Nikolsky correctly notes that “his own life of the author -creator, his immersion in the observed being - both in reality and in the depths of consciousness, gives a support for the flying ship: it slides along the waves of the sea of life. And depending on which sea the author chooses, to what extent is given to the will of the waves, we get the opportunity to determine the research frames, within which we can study the writer's text.
” Such a text can be a “combination of the hero’s personal life and that fell on the share of real historical events”, can be a “fantastic interweaving of ideological myths and invented images” or “a narrative about characters immersed in a psychological underground” [4, p. Otherwise, this thought was translated by H. Redeker, indicating that the writer’s life practice can be reflected in literary work with the following hypostases: through “combining the immediacy of contemplation with the practical experience of the historical process”, “as the merger of personal and social, individual and social in artistic activity”, as well as “the unity of display and activity in the realistic artistic process”, but in The summary of the plane given the hypostasis has direct cultural value.
Also, the specified foreign author is formulated by the condition in which the biography becomes the basis for the creative process: it consists in the writer's ability to “observe” the surrounding reality, empathize with it so that it becomes “the life position of the artist acting on his entire personality”. As a result, this leads to the fact that literary works become inseparable from the personality of its creator [5].
Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was both general scientific methods of induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, and interdisciplinary methods. In the course of work on the article, the author turned to culturalfilosophical analysis, content analysis of scientific literature, and the biographical method. Results and discussion. The author and his work are influenced not only by sociocultural, but also by concrete political circumstances, finding a “shelter” in the “spirit of the work”.
For an appropriate interpretation, the researcher needs to “have the idea of the copyright interest and worldview position, political orientations, religiosity and morality, the orientation and depth of cultural rootedness”, in this case “authenticity” and the interpretation horizon [6, p. In turn, the inconsistency between the life and worldviews of the work itself can become a source of doubt in authorship.
This was the case in relation to M. Sholokhov and his epic novel “Quiet Don” “on the basis that the greatness of the epic supposedly completely does not correspond to the cultural equipment of the Creator [7]. At the same time, the authors who doubt the authorship of M. Sholokhov ignore the fact that while working on the work, the writer not only studied and collected written documents, as well as local folklore, songs and stories of old-timers about the cultural life of the Cossacks, but also communicated with the direct participants in the events described.The masterful transposition of the accumulated material to the pages of the work, the skillful combination of the spiritual worlds of the heroes, the organicity and naturalness of the text made the “Quiet Don” by the folk novel with the epic coverage of events [8, 9] with the documentary evidence of the epic of M.
Sholokhov [10]. The relationship of the writer’s biography and his literary “size” recorded in the studies indicates that “a creative personality acts as a vivid and representative element of culture”, which means when interpreting the works of the researcher should attract the most diverse biographical data of the writer, information about the writer's creative laboratory in order to establish the spiritual and state-building of the ideological and cultural-cultural-cultural-cultural-cultural-cultural-cultural views.
This kind of approach allows you to demonstrate the philosophical and cultural spaces of the corresponding literary and artistic work, to trace the evolution of the writer as a unit of culture, to clarify the semantic basis of the work. According to the exact remark of M. For example, if we take such an aspect of the biography of writers as their relationship with the authorities, then we will find unique “forms of literary life, for example, a meeting of writers with Stalin in the apartment of Gorky, publishing policy, supporting some areas and the destruction of others”.
At the same time, one should not forget about the significant role of sociocultural nuances that influenced literary processes, which led in the 20th century to the existence of literature in three axes: the axis of the metropolis, literature of Russian emigration, as well as the axis of “hidden literature” [11]. Borev pointed out that despite the presence in each stage of the artistic development of the literature of invariant artistic ideas, other essential factors are also present such as: a certain type of hero, a certain type of author, as well as a certain type of participation of the author in the creation of a literary text, which should also be taken into account during philosophical and cultural analysis.
This author also prepared a brief, but very visual, overview of negative influence, the most difficult life, an interrupted life path, relatively early leaving, incomplete self -sufficiency, unrealization of many ideas, stolen years of the historical process of the 20th century on the personal and creative fate of many writers of the twentieth century. The use of the writer’s biography in the framework of the cultural philosophical study allows us to represent not only his creative, but also the life path, presenting it in the context of the sociocultural space with the reflection of the characteristics of his philosophical and cultural thinking, determined by national-mental dominants.
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