Biography of the writer Averchenko

Mandelstam Mandelshtam. Perhaps the largest number of information about him can be drawn from the article by the critic of O. Mikhailov, who precedes the collection of humorous stories by Averchenko Publishing House “Fiction”, in this article I am by no means going to subject the literary and critical analysis to the writer's works ... I just want to familiarize me with a number of information, and even even unknown, and even that we have the information and even unknown people Sources and briefly tell the reader about the stages of the writer’s biography, only slightly affecting his creative activity.

It is only known that he was born in the city of Averchenko himself in a humorous “encyclopedic dictionary” reports: “Rod. Unfortunately, the exact date of birth cannot be set, since in his personal archive, exported from abroad by the deceased by I. Zilrstein and stored in TsGALI, there is not a single identity certificate indicating the year and month of birth. The writer of March 12, Timofei Petrovich Averchenko, the writer’s father, and his mother Susanna Pavlovna had nine children - six girls and three boys, two of whom died in infancy.

The writer's sisters, with the exception of one, survived their brother for a long time. There are various information about the primary education of the writer. In Autobiography, he says that if not for his sisters, he would have remained illiterate. But, obviously, for some time he still studied at the gymnasium. According to the testimony of the writer N. Breshko-Breshkovsky closely knowing Averchenko, “the lack of education, two classes of the gymnasium, was replenished with a natural mind.” Indeed, he did not receive a complete secondary education, since in view of poor vision he could not study for a long time, and besides, soon as a result of an accident he greatly damaged his eyes, which did not give in to the final cure.

And now, leaving the teaching, Averchenko enters the private transport office with a summer boy. He repeatedly recalls this period of life in his stories. However, Averchenko, having worked in the office a little over a year, in the city of Terentyev, the husband of one of his sisters. Having served three years on the mine and after writing several stories about his life there “evening”, “Lightning” and others, he moves to Kharkov, where, as O.

Mikhailov, “In the South Territory newspaper on October 31, Leonidov, a famous entrepreneur who once worked in the Moscow Art Theater, and later the owner of theatrical enterprises in France and the USA, was one of the few artists who knew Averchenko in their young years:“ Arkasha Averchenko was tall, thin as a pole, young man. He overshadowed at the parties of my friends with his wit and successful funny impromptu ...

”Averchenko, being in G., sometimes depends on the fate of the human: the editorial offices of the Jester and the“ fragments ”were placed on distant unfamiliar streets, and“ Dragonfly ”and“ Gray Wolf ”in the center ... Be“ jester ”and“ fragments ”immediately, maybe in the center, I would have advised my own. A modest head in one of these magazines. I will go first to the Dragonfly first, I decided.

This is what an ordinary modest alphabet does with a person: I stayed in the Dragonfly. In the city of Cornfeld, recalling acquaintance with his future employee, he said: “Averchenko brought me several hilarious and excellent forms in the form of stories that I happily accepted. At that time, I finished the reorganization of the Dragonfly and the formation of a new editorial staff.

And now, on April 1, the headline was drawn by M. Dobuzhinsky, a drawing on the first page - L. and Arkady Timofeevich, while already then the secretary of the “Dragonfly” editorial office, continued his activities in the same post in Satyricono, whose editor became in the city of the journal’s employees and the publisher, a serious conflict took place mainly on material grounds, and Averchenko with the most Averchenko with the most Talented writers and artists left the editorial office and founded his new Satyricon magazine.

In his first issue, published on June 6, both magazines were published in parallel, but after about a year the old Satyricon, deprived of the best authors and artists, was forced to close, losing a huge number of subscribers. And the “New Satyricon” successfully existed until August G. Gorny, A. Bukhov, Remi, A. Yakovlev and others. During his prosperous, successful life in St.

Petersburg, Averchenko became unusually popular. In many theaters of the country, his plays were successfully staged by stories. And even his Imperial Majesty Nicholas the Second, being a fan of Averchenkovsky talent, once deigned to invite him to Tsarskoye Selo to read his works in the circle of august family. But, as M. Cornfeld says: "It seemed to us all that the performance of the editor of the" satirikon "in Tsarskoye Selo would barely be appropriate and desirable." The visit did not take place, Averchenko referred to the disease.For ten years of his metropolitan life, Averchenko traveled a lot around the country with performances, went on foreign trips, usually with artists A.

Radakov and N. Remizov Remi, together with his friends. After the first foreign voyage in the summer of G. and in the same year, in addition to hard work in the magazine, he travels on a long tour of Russia, participating in many cities in the evenings of humorist writers. The impression was at first glance at him - despite the light shade of the provincial “chic”, like a black, too wide pince -nez tape and a white starch vest, details that were already a “taboo” in St.

Petersburg. ” The success of the magazine, large circulations of books, performances, theatrical productions brought material well -being.

Averchenko moves to a cozy apartment, furnaces it perfectly. Breshko-Breshkovsky recalls how "in the morning Averchenko, to the sounds of a gramophone, was engaged in gymnastics, working with puddy weights." Although he did not have a musical education, but at one time he was seriously fond of the opera, then operetta, and in numerous theaters of the miniatures, where his plays were going on, he was his man.

Often in the Satyricon, his ironic and funny theatrical reviews appeared under one of the many pseudonyms-and E, wolf, Foma Opuskin, Medusa Gorgon, Falstaff and others. The writer, as a rule, spent evenings in the Vienna restaurant in the circle of his Satyrikon friends, writers, actors, musicians. One of the many everyday hobbies of Averchenko were chess.

Utesov told me that he was an outstanding player, composed and printed tasks. The war of G. after October and Averchenko himself and the editorial office of Satyricon took a sharply negative position in relation to the Soviet regime, after which the magazine was closed by a government order in August, and now everything collapsed. There is no more magazine. Books do not come out.

A solid bank account was requisitioned. They intend to "compact" the apartment. In the future - a hungry and cold winter. Friends and associates leave Petrograd - who is where. And here is a proposal from Moscow from the artist Koshevsky-to organize a theater-kabar somewhere in the south of Russia. But Averchenko and Radakov who came to Moscow find Koshevsky seriously ill.

The whole plan was upset. And then Averchenko, together with that also ended up in Moscow, Taffy was going to Kyiv invited them to literary evenings two different entrepreneurs. Tuffy’s “Memoirs” are very vividly and ridiculously described by numerous subruggies, which the writers had to get into during their long trip through the Germans occupied by the Germans. In Kyiv, Averchenko, however, did not stay through Kharkov and Rostov for a long time, where he lived for several months, speaking from the evenings of humor, as a refugee went to his homeland, to Sevastopol, then busy white.

It was at the end of March or early April, but what he did in Sevastopol from April to June this year, when the French troops surrendered the city of the Red Army, it was not possible to get information anywhere. And since June, G. Surguchev, E. Chirikov and I. Shmelev actively worked in the South newspaper subsequently South of Russia, intensively campaigning for the help of the Volunteer Army.

Averchenko also, together with the writer Anatoly Kamensky subsequently returning to the USSR, opened the House of the Artist, where at the beginning of G. Judging by the review published in the newspaper South, on the spring of that year, Averchenko was already participating in the performances of the new theater-“The Nest of Figant Poultry” and continues to arrange his evenings in Sevastol, Balaklava and Evpatoria.

He told about this journey with bitter humor in the book “Notes of a simple -minded. I am in Europe ”Berlin, the North Publishing House, friends in Constantinople, Istanbul now rented a small room in the city district in advance, and he lived there for a year and a half, resurrecting his nest theater. There were a lot of Russian refugees in the city, Russian theaters of miniatures and restaurants worked.

But life in an alien morals, traditions and language of the country has become extremely difficult for Averchenko. He leaves Turkey with his troupe and April 13th. Then one more, according to another program - and Averchenko with the theater leaves for Prague, on the way, having given a concert in Zagreb. And two days later, June 17, Averchenko arrives in Prague, where he finally justifies permanent residence.

Prague, who was hospitably and cordially met the writer, and he also liked it. He quickly acquired many friends and admirers. Many of his stories were transferred to Czech. Then, from July to September, his tour in the country passed - he visited Brno, Plzen, Moravskaya Ostrava, Bratislava, Uzhgorod, Mukachev and, returning to Prague only in the first half of September, began to work intensively for the Prager Press newspaper, his feuilletons and new stories appeared there weekly.

In October, successful touring in the Baltic states, Poland and Berlin took place.