Biography of Alexander Averchenko

Geniuses and villains. Arkady Averchenko. He held the post of editor of the satiricon satiricon, from the year renamed the New Satyricon. His works were distinguished by a light syllable and an acute, but soundless satire. He spoke about the saddest aspects of man’s life with irony. Arkady Averchenko, a man who managed to make Russia's laugh, had a slight and cheerful character, which is quite unusual for a humorist.

This is all the more surprising, since in his lifetime he survived many tragedies. The writer's life broke very early, but the years lived were enough to become one of the best humorous writers in Russia. Childhood was born Arkady Averchenko on March 15 27 in Sevastopol. Father is Timofei Averchenko, a poor merchant, mother - Susanna Sofronova, daughter of a retired ordinary soldier from Poltava.

In total, ten children were born in the family, but three boys died as babies. Six daughters survived and the only son - Arkady. Arkady Averchenko in his youth was born very weak, but Averchenko will joke over this sad fact of his biography in the book “Autobiography”, which has become out of the press in the year. He suffered from a high degree of myopia, and for this reason he could not study in the gymnasium.

He could not get primary education, Arkady studied at home, his teachers were sisters. The only educational institution that the future comedian visited was a real school where he studied for only two years. So Arkady became a self -taught, talented and unsurpassed humorist. All that he did not receive in terms of education, the guy replenished with reading books. The day came when the father completely went bankrupt, and the family was in a difficult financial situation.

Arkady often called himself a loafer and lobotyas, but this is not true, because the young man began his labor biography at the age of fifteen. At first he was taken as a clerk to the company transporting various goods, a year later he went to the Donbass, worked in the coal mince office for about four years. Arkady Averchenko in his youth, life at the mine was gray and unpromising, worked hard and sad.

The only outlet of the workers who introduced at least some diversity to this grayness was a booze, sometimes bitter and unreasonable. The young comedian managed to portray this in his works, with such soundless sarcasm that no one was offended by him. One thing was pleased, in M ​​it became known that their office was transferred to the city of Kharkov.

In a new place, Averchenko literally came to life, he had the strength and desire to engage in literary work. The work of the debut of the future “King of Laughter” took place in the Kharkov edition of the South Territory. In the year, he printed his first story called "How I had to insure my life." Soon a few more stories came out, and then Averchenko began to publish the Bayonet magazine himself.

He performed simultaneously the duties of the author, illustrator and editor of this publication. Arkady himself wrote humorous stories, himself painted caricatures and cartoons to them, and became more and more popular among readers. After some time, the young man took up the release of another edition - the magazine "Sword", but soon he was closed. The page from the magazine "Bayonet" Arkady Averchenko bosses was displeased with the sharp satire of Arkady, and for this reason he left Kharkov to m.

The comedian moved to Petersburg, where he continued to write his satirical stories. In the city on the Neva, he immediately attracted attention, we can say that he managed to be in the right place, at the right time. This niche was free, and Averchenko confidently took his place. He very subtly noticed ridiculous and ridiculous situations, which he then set forth on paper with his inherent sharpness and causticity.

Averchenko was hired by the Dragonfly magazine as a secretary. The publication was transformed, and became a weekly called Satyricon, which is a unique stand of satire. At first, Arkady was simply a regular author of this publication, but soon found himself in the chair of the chief editor. Illustrations for this publication were created by the best artists of those years.

Readers liked Satyrikon, there was no transition to specific personalities, individual persons were not denounced. He adhered to the “lyrical satire” genre, which is based on complete self -irony and the finest observations of human character. It is interesting that this publication aroused a lively interest of Emperor Nicholas II, he did not miss a single number, even collected all the hem.

The real boom was caused by the book “A General History processed by Satyricon”, consisting of humorous stories on world events from Osip Dymov, Tuffy, Joseph Orsher. Arkady became the author of the story “Opening of America”, a kind of description of the new time in a humorous manner. Averchenko’s stories were very popular, they write scripts for theatrical productions. In m, the author released the next two volumes of his works - “Stories for the Generation” and “Circles by Water”.Averchenko travels a lot, creates more and more stories, is engaged in the review of theatrical productions.

Changes in the biography of the satirist began after the October Revolution. There was no trace of the usual well -being, on the orders of the Bolsheviks, the publication of Averchenko was closed as unreliable and bourgeois. The writer had no choice but to leave the capital and leave for his native Sevastopol, where he lived for two years. In M, Arkady Averchenko went to exile, and did not return to his homeland.

Abroad, the satirist continues literary work, and also engages in the work of the theater, created once in Sevastopol. In those years, there were many refugees from Russia in Europe, because Averchenko did not feel divorced from his homeland, even being thousands of kilometers from her. But he had a hard time, because, unlike other Russian refugees, he did not know a single European language, and this made it difficult to adapt his adaptation in society.

In those years, the work of Arkady is strongly transformed, it traces new topics for jokes that sound in a completely different tonality. The satirist frankly longing for the times that had sunk in oblivion, in life in the former Russia. In m, one of the Parisian publications printed his pamphlets called "Dozen knives in the back of the revolution." The works of Averchenko in the years, this is a kind of understanding of the revolution, its consequences, destructively spoken on the fate of emigrants who are trying to adapt to new realities, are looking for and sometimes do not find a new meaning of life and reliable support.

The recent years of the satirist took place in the Czech Republic.

It was at that time that he wrote and published “Notes of a simple -minded”, “Tales of cynics”, “The joke of the philanthropist”. They may be familiar.