Brief biography of Frenkel
Born 10 February 23 in Rostov-on-Don. He entered the Physics and Mathematics Department of St. Petersburg University. In the spring, the family moved to the Crimea. Here Frenkel took part in the organization of the Tauride University, where he worked DAU returned to Petrograd and worked at the Physics and Technical Institute as the head of the theoretical department until the end of his life.
He taught at the same time at the Polytechnic Institute, where he headed the Department of Theoretical Physics for 30 years. Made a significant contribution to various sections of physics - the electronic theory of solid body, the physics of the condensed state of the substance, quantum mechanics and electrodynamics, nucleus physics, elementary particles, magnetism, physical chemistry, astronomy, geophysics.
The first scientific publication of Frenkel on double electric layers on the surface of a solid and fluid appeared in the future a number of his works was devoted to comparing fluid and solid body, and the development of ideas about near and long -term in condensed media. When developing in - electronic theory of solid crystalline bodies, including metals, Frenkel first applied to the study of the movement of electrons in them the methods of quantum statistics, introduced the concept of a crystal lattice defect in the corresponding node of the crystalline lattice, now called the “defect in the French”, which allowed it to describe not only electrical conductivity, but also the elaboration, so on the elaboration, so that in his interpretation the theory of elasticity has become, as it were, the section of the theory of electricity.
In particular, in Frenkel described the movement of free electrons in metals by the idea of the waves of de Broil, which allowed him to explain the behavior of conductivity electrons in metal crystals and the dependence of their electrical conductivity on temperature and the presence of impurities in the crystal lattice. Dorfman The concept of spontaneously magnetized areas - domains.
These works of Frenkel became the foundation of the theory of ferromagnetism.
He proposed to the explanation of the sintering of metal powders formed the basis of powder metallurgy. B - Frenkel created a quantum theory of electrical and optical properties of dielectric crystals. For the first time, the concept of an electronic hole of the grate atom, deprived of one of its electrons as a carrier of a positive charge and an exciton - a carrier of excitement, introduced into the theory of light absorption by crystals.
Frenkel actually created the theory of photography of dielectrics and semiconductors; He gave a quantomechanical description of the tunnel effect and used it to the flow of current at the contact site “Metal - semiconductor”. He made a serious contribution to the kinetic theory of liquids, describing the temperature dependence of their diffusion, viscosity and elasticity, proposed general equations with the elastic-binding environment.
In the future, he was engaged in kinetics of phase transitions, adsorption, heterophasic fluctuations. The work of Frenkel in the field of general sections of physical theory has also been recognized. The scientist was engaged in electrodynamics of point electron and electron rotating; comparison of the "old" and "new" quantum mechanics; Relativistic generalizations of quantomechanical equations.
Frenkel brought new ideas to geophysics. He developed the theory of atmospheric electricity, was engaged in the clarification of the nature of earthly magnetism and other phenomena in the bowels of the Earth. Frenkel’s scientific interests crossed with the activities of many outstanding physicists of our time. So, regardless of Bor and Wieler and a little earlier, although not in such a detailed form, Frenkel created the theory of division of heavy nuclei; Regardless of Heisenberg - the quantum mechanical theory of ferromagnetism; Regardless of Bora - a drip model of the nucleus.
Frenkel died in Leningrad on January 23 also on the topic:.