Alexander Linevsky biography

Alexander Linevsky. Source: ru. By origin and education, he is a classic representative of the St. Petersburg intelligentsia. Moreover, his parents were from the noble class. Alexander Linevsky was born in the year in the family of a large engineer of railways. At 10, he was defined in one of the most privileged educational institutions of the capital - the Imperial School of Law.

However, in the year his training was interrupted by the October Revolution, which the young man meets enthusiastically. In Petrograd, hungry times are coming, and the family council decides to send Alexander to a aunt to Veliky Ustyug, where the situation was much better. True, he soon returns to Petrograd soon - to pass all the exams at once in two years and get a diploma. In the fall of the year, new Soviet provincial institutions were created everywhere, and the aunt manages to attach the nephew to one of them - to the place of the registrar of the current land policy of the Gubzemoddel.

There are no special affairs in this position, and the newly -minted civil servant enters the evening forest arrangement courses organized by S. A wonderful connoisseur of the north of Russia and its forests, the founder of the Pechoro-Ilych reserve, Stanislav Genrichovich Nat was a subtle connoisseur of the beauty of nature. Linevsky considered him his teacher and mentor and always gratefully recalled how, in his fatherly, he developed in him, a townspeople, an understanding of the beauty of northern nature.

In the service, and more, according to an irresistible desire, the future scientist-ethnographer travels a lot along the outback of the White Sea, more and more falling in love with this region. Maksimov Aleksey Andreevich "Spring in the Karelian Forest". In the year, Linevsky comes to Petrograd with a firm intention to enter the Ethnographic Department of the Geographical Institute later than the Geographical Department of Leningrad State University.

A completely different life reigns in the city. I wanted to be at the same time a rural teacher and a scientific researcher, ”Alexander Linevsky later recalled. However, admission to the university was not easy. Applicants were divided into nine groups: the first party members fell into the first, and Soviet employees from among non -partisans, and Linevsky among them. The diploma of the school of law was not taken into account by the admission commission, on the contrary, was somewhat alarming.

However, from the penultimate place of the ninth group, he still manages to enter the university. He studies with great pleasure, teachers are very praised. True, this in its own way is happy, albeit hungry, the period is overshadowed by constant checks from a variety of commissions, because in all respects Linevsky is a classic, as they said then, “alien element”. The summer of the year for a third-year student becomes a real miracle: as part of a student ethnographic expedition, he goes to Karelia!

And in three months, the entire Padan district bypasses, as a result - dozens of scribbled notebooks, "who formed the basis of future entries on beliefs, ordinary law and events during the Civil War in the North." However, the main discovery is waiting for him ahead-in the southwestern Benmorye. This story can be told as a detective, but if in a nutshell, then the main one is the discovery of Petroglyphs on the island of Shoyrukhin River Vyg.

Here is how Linevsky himself recalls this event: “The river squeezed by the rocks rushes on the right threshold, and on the left forms a narrow waterfall. The main composition consisted of a hunchbacked man and the traces of human legs, some fish, water game, deer, moose, bears, something like naval stars and a number of other images. And finally, he admits: “This find forever attached me to Karelian Pomerania.

She determined the discipline necessary for deciphering - archeology, history, ethnography, as well as folklore of the northern tribes. ” The discovery of the young scientist attracted the attention of the largest historians and archaeologists - L. Sternberg, A. Bryusov and the Patriarch of domestic archeology, the head of her Moscow school - V. Of course, the petroglyphs of the demon traces became the theme of the thesis of Alexander Linevsky, which he defended brilliantly.

This period in Linevsky’s life can be considered happy, according to his own admission, also because in many popular magazines of that time, such as “Around the World”, “World of Adventures”, “Soviet Construction”, “Hunter”, “Karelo-Murmansk Territory”, “World Rastype”, his stories are published. However, later he will renounce these “scriptures” because of their low literary quality, but at that time the fees received for them allowed to exist very decently.

In the spring of the year, the promising scientist Alexander Linevsky unexpectedly leaves Leningrad for many, having accepted the proposal of a former classmate, colleagues of a significant expedition - S. Makaryev, who was just appointed head of the Karelian State Museum of Local Lore, to occupy the position of scientist secretary of the Bureau of Local Lore. Having crossed the threshold of the museum, he was surprised: the entire collection, in fact, was various objects collected in the Olonets province in the second half of the 19th century.Friends together got down to business - and by the year the re -exposure of the historical department was held, an exhibition of rock drawings was created, an exposition with stuffed animals from the region appeared.

The main concern of the organizers was the creation of local history in Karelia, and they managed to do a lot in this field. At the end of the year, Linevsky decides to leave the museum, where, it seems to him, he has already exhausted himself. In addition, changes have occurred in personal life - marriage to N. Gurina who became a later famous archaeologist.

They decided to change their place of residence and in January of the year went to Kandalaksha together, where they took up the creation of the district museum. Linevsky receives a major task from the People's Commissariat of People's Commissariats - to compose a "local history apertomatist." He works without flexion in the libraries of Leningrad and Petrozavodsk, digs in archives, writes a lot, the result is the manuscript of 2.5 thousand pages of “great cognitive value”.

Unfortunately, a sad fate befell it: the manuscript was divided into three parts and sent to reviews to Moscow and Leningrad, after which its traces were lost. In addition, the People's Commissariat of Education noticeably cooled down to the topic of local history and stopped funding. Meanwhile, Alexander Mikhailovich took the full -time position of a researcher at the Republican Archive, which allowed him to go around Pomerania from Kandalaksha to Sinuhchi, as well as the entire Zaonezhie.

According to his biographer Yuri Savvateev, at that time the church archives attracted his attention, primarily in the “homeless churches”, which a lot appeared then. Priests willingly passed their archives in the hope that they would be preserved. The scope of the duties of the archivist of that time also included the identification of documents on the topics “Civil War” and “Soviet Construction”, and not only different decisions, but also evidence of eyewitnesses of events.

The material was accumulated enormous. Actually, many of the memoirs formed the basis of his famous epic “Belomorye”. Suddenly, Linevsky had to leave the archive: the next commission, who arrived with an audit from Moscow, did not like the “noble fee” of the employee. Fortunately, the old friend Stepan Makaryev at that time for two years as the director of the Karelian Scientific Research Institute draws him to the permanent staff of the institute.

And again, Linevsky turns to the Petroglyphs "forever attached" to Karelia. The result of expeditions and research is the monograph “Petroglyphs of Karelia” and in the year A. Linevsky receives the academic degree of candidate of historical sciences. From the year, Linevsky is an employee of the Institute of Language, Literature and the History of the Karelian branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and this period in his life is noted not only by tense scientific work, but also by fruitful literary work.

In the X years, he is already quite famous as a writer, he refuses fiction, breaks the “adventure” manner of writing. Moreover, he rewrites his main work - "Sheets of the Stone Book." In the year, the second edition of this book is published, the volume of which increased to 6 copyright sheets near print pages. This work should be said especially. For the first time, this science fiction story was published in the year in the magazine "World Rastype." In addition to archaeological and ethnographic materials, the author used his decryptions of casual drawings found on the coast of the White Sea and Lake Onega.

In the year, Linevsky again returns to his work and prepares it up to 12 copyright sheets near the pages. The book was translated into several foreign languages, its total circulation was about a million copies. At the end of X, two more books are published - “Doctor Podobin” and “How it was” at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the scientist was evacuated with the institute at first in Syktyvkar, then Belomorsk.

Their life in these years A. Linevsky evaluated as relatively prosperous: “always under the roof, always had a piece of bread, although scarce, but still received it every day.” Upon returning to the liberated Petrozavodsk, Linevsky first works and even lives in the museum: he considers it his duty to help with the restoration of the destroyed exposition and the preparation of the first exhibition “Karelian-Finnish partisans”.

Then, already as an employee of the Institute of Language, Literature and History, in years he is excavating the mounds of the X-XII centuries on the banks of the Oysh River in the Leningrad Region, lectures at Karelo-Finnish University. Karelian partisans in the forest are sent to the rear of the enemy. In the year, Alexander Mikhailovich Linevsky left the institute to completely devote himself to literary work.

Even in the year, he began writing a large book about the pre -revolutionary life of the Pomeranian fishermen, about the civil war in Karelian Pomoria, about the formation of Soviet power in the region. And in the year, the now famous epic “Belomorye” consisting of four books - “Pomoria”, “ice started”, “Belomorye” and “Testing” - finally published.

This book, which can be called an artistic understanding of a complex period in the life of the people, based on the genuine memoirs of eyewitnesses, was published by a common circulation of thousands of copies and completely dispersed.Few knew that this strong -looking person, full of vitality and creative plans, was tormented by a hidden mental illness. However, with age, the disease began to appear more and more obvious, and in the year Linevsky was placed in a psychiatric hospital, where he died in February.

Alexander Mikhailovich Linevsky was buried at the Sulazhgorsky cemetery known in Petrozavodsk. It must be said that the many years of scientific activity of the scientist, his “simple” comments and the “naive-stagnantial interpretation of symbolic signs” always gave rise to polar opinions among archaeologists, proving the need for a more dilated and in-depth argument in the discussion.

Disputes arising in our time about the methodology and provisions proposed by A. Linevsky almost a hundred years ago can be considered as a tribute to the master, whose ideas have not lost relevance even after a century. And his famous exciting “Scientific and Fantastic Tale for Youth” about the cunning and Petroglyphs of Karelia “The List of the Stone Book” helped to decide on the choice of the profession to many Soviet archaeologists of the second half of the twentieth century.