Sigismund 3 Biography

Sigismund, Polish. Zygmunt, Belor. Zigmantas June 20 - April 30 - Polish King and Grand Duke Lithuanian from December 27, King Swedish from November 27 to July, Gustav Vaza and Sigismund, the son of the Swedish king Jukhan III and Yekaterina Yagellonka. For a short time he succeeded. In the year, he united both states under his personal unity, but in the year the Swedish parliament elected the Duke of Sedermanland Regent Sweden instead of the absent king.

Sigismund spent most of his remaining life on attempts to regain his lost throne. Sigismund remained a rather contradictory figure in the history of Poland. On the one hand, his long rule was on the highest point of power of the Commonwealth. On the other hand, with him the first signs of decline appeared, which in the future led to the death of the Polish-Lithuanian state. Sigismund was brought up by the Jesuits in the spirit of militant Catholicism.

As a descendant of the female lines, the summer Prince Sigismund was elected to the Polish king in the year, thanks to the efforts of his aunt Anna Yagellonka and the great crown hetman Jan Zamoisky. Inviting the last lamb and the heir to the Swedish crown to the throne, the Polish side expected to settle territorial problems with Sweden and get disputed lands in the north of the country.

Soon after the coronation, Sigismund opposed his rival, the Archduke of the Austrian Maximilian; The latter was defeated under the beach and captured, but was released under the agreement of the year, according to which he abandoned all claims to the Polish throne. Sigismund neither with his appearance nor character did not like the Poles; The disruption of him intensified even more when, having left for Revel to date with his father, he secretly entered into negotiations with Ernest, the Duke of Austrian, and on well -known conditions was ready to renounce in his favor from the Polish crown.

The young king did not arrange in his favor and the powerful Zamoysky. The first reason for the discord between them was Estland, which Sigismund promised to attach to Poland in contractual points, but did not fulfill his promise. The result of this was the Inquisition Sejm against the king and the weakening of the royal power. The place of Zamoskoy, who hoped to manage the king, was occupied by the Jesuits.

Sigismund set his main task to strengthen Catholicism in Poland, the destruction of Protestantism and Orthodoxy. Having suppressed the uprising of Kosinsky in South-West Rus'-and Nalivaiko's uprising-actively contributed to the conclusion of the Brest Union in the year. He considered the struggle in the enemies of the faith of Christ - Orthodox Russia and Protestant Sweden - he considered the main task in foreign policy.

Along with these tasks, Sigismund was guided by dynastic interests. The weakening of the king’s power in the inner life of Poland, the reign of Sigismund is the beginning of the era of the decomposition of the state. The largest events were Zebzhidovsky Rokosh and the statement at the Seimas of the beginning of unanimity. The main reason for Rokosh was the systematic attempts of Sigismund to the assertion of absolutism, which, however, were constantly rejected by the Seims.

Sigismund sought to limit the rights of the Seims, transform previous positions in dependent on the king of the ranks and organize Polish is possible with the help of majorrates, which would have a vote in the Senate. With all his aspirations for absolutism, Sigismund, however, contributed to the triumph of the principle of unanimity in the Seims, which fundamentally undermined the possibility of reforms.

When Zamoysky at the Sejm of the year made a proposal that the decisions of the Sejm be decided by most votes, the king himself appeared by the enemy of this project, who put the opposition of Opalinsky against Zamoysky. Government anarchy, established under Sigismund, found a theoretical justification in the theory of “golden freedom”. The struggle for Sweden in the year Sigismund marries the daughter of the Archduke of the Austrian Karl and the granddaughter of Emperor Ferdinand I - Anna, who gave birth to the future king - Vladislav.

After the death of his father, Johan III year, Sigismund went to Sweden and was crowned by the Swedish crown, but upon his return to Poland, he was forced to appoint his Uncle Karl, the Duke of Sedermanland, who, supporting Protestantism, acquired the location of the people and clearly strove for the throne. In the year, Sigismund transferred the capital from Krakow to Warsaw. During his second stay in Sweden, Sigismund pushed many supporters away from himself: he was finally removed from the throne, and his uncle was declared the king of Sweden at the Sejm in the Norchoping, in the year, under the name of Charles IX.

Sigismund did not want to abandon his rights to the Swedish throne and involved Poland into the summer unsuccessful war with Sweden for her. After the death of the first wife of Anna Gabsburg Rakuska in the year, Sigismund marries her sister Constance, who gave birth to a son, called Yan Kazimir in the year.Sigismund III VAZA seriously experienced the death of the wife of Constantius on July 10 and seriously ill, died of a stroke on April 30 of the war with Russia, taking expansion plans to the east, Sigismund supported False Dmitry I, concluding a secret agreement with him.

Upon reign in Moscow, the impostor promised to give to Poland Chernijob-Seversky land. After the death of False Dmitry I Sigismund, in the year, headed the siege of Smolensk. After the liberation of Moscow, the war in the year the war continued up to a year, when a truce was enclosed in Deulin, according to which Smolensk, Chernihiv and Severskaya lands remained behind Poland.