Filatov biography surgeon

One of the few independent ophthalmic departments in the world, one of the first in Russia. And the new department was supposed to start their activities with a lecture by Professor Golovanov “On Blindness in Russia”. The Paris Conference of Ophthalmologists, dedicated to the issues of blindness, established the approximate figure of the blind: on both eyes - 6 million people, heavy eye disabled people - 15 million.

About 30 percent of them owe their misfortune to the Belmas. So, all over the world, several million people can see if they transplant the cornea. But only one person, the great Russian ophthalmologist Vladimir Petrovich Filatov, born on February 15 in Simbirsk, could do this. This was remembered by Vladimir Simbirsk gymnasium. History, literature, natural sciences - all this by the way.

If you want to become a truly educated person-do yourself. Vladimir did so. Cutting took a lot of time.

But he spent summer in a huge garden of the family estate of Mikhailovka, Saransky district. Childhood is over. You need to choose a specialty. Four out of six older brothers Filatov devoted themselves to medical activities. The zemstvo doctor, surgeon and optometrist was simultaneously the father of Vladimir - Peter Fedorovich Filatov. A highly educated person, selflessly in love with his profession, he was well known in Simbirsk, devotedly loved by his patients.

And the name of the children's doctor Neil Fedorovich Filatov, Uncle Vladimir, at that time gained wide fame not only in Russia, but also among the world medical community. An outstanding clinician and scientist, Neil Fedorovich Filatov, the first in Russia began to pour in the children antideria serum and applied the bacteriological research method in the treatment of childhood diseases.

The founder of Russian pediatrics, Neil Fedorovich enriched the Russian and world science with remarkable descriptions of new forms of diseases, valuable clinical observations, a large number of outstanding scientific works. Filatov read a course of childhood diseases at Moscow University. There, at the medical faculty, Vladimir Petrovich Filatov entered the year. The future medical specialty Vladimir Filatov chose ophthalmology.

The suffering of patients who have lost their vision, the irrevocability of this loss filled his heart with pain and pity. The original and beautiful operation - iridectomy - was then the only practical tool invented by doctors to combat blindness, which occurs as a result of clouding of the cornea, in other words, due to the appearance of Belm. It is the formation of Belm that is the main and most common cause of blindness.

It’s good if Belmo affects one eye! And if the whitish spot, gradually thickening, will tighten both pupils? Then complete blindness occurs. Naturally, the main efforts of world ophthalmology in the fight against blindness were aimed primarily at fighting the Belmas. The essence of the operation is that on the side of the muddy belt a new hole is made in the iris, as a result, an artificial pupil is formed.

It is only necessary to cut the horn shell where it did not get clouded, stretch the iris through this section, cut the hole from the edge - an additional pupil - and return the rest of the iris to its place. The light will penetrate the new hole made under the cornea in the iris, it will fall into the old pupil, from there to the crystal, the trouble was that not all the blinded from the underwear could make a saving iridectomy: those who had the horny shell completely, so that there was not the slightest clearance left over the iris, Iridgectomy did not help.

With full belts, a person was doomed to hopeless darkness. There are several lines in Kryukov’s textbook, who spoke precisely that the student Filatov was so deeply interested in: about the transfer of the cornea with full underwear as a way of restoration of vision. Immediately a device was depicted - Thorn Hippel, with the help of which you can try to make a person a corneal of a cornea taken from an animal, for example, from a sheep.

The information was scarce, but there was something to think about. In the year, the medical faculty of Moscow University was completed. Professor Kryukov left with G. Vladimir Filatov as a resident in the eye clinic of Moscow University. He works in the clinic’s outpatient clinic, accepts patients. And with a mental pain, he watches how the blinded from Belm leaves from there, not receiving any help, not even encouraged by a hint of hope.

The transplanted cornea is still clouding. How many times have you tried ... Hippel himself tried - the one that Tripan invented, our famous Kazan professor Adamyuk and others, but did not achieve anything good. The operation is made by a special tool - a trepan that has the form of a hollow cylinder with a sharply honed edge. A rather heavy trepan is cut out in the underwear of a hole-chic and inserted a piece of the cornea taken from the animal into it-a transplant.

And there was no case in world practice so that the transplant did not become clouded ... Soon Filatov went to work in the Moscow Eye Hospital.Here, on a large clinical material, he was engaged in the study of various forms of diseases for three years, and improved his operational technique. Having received an invitation from Professor S. Golovin, Filatov moved to Odessa in the year. The residency and assistance in the clinic of Professor Golovin, work on the dissertation and military service for many years pushed the idea of ​​transplanting the cornea.

Golovin was a teacher and leader Filatov, who was his assistant since the year. The theme of his dissertation, Vladimir Filatov, took the "doctrine of cellular poisons in ophthalmology." An extensive study was supposed to be devoted to the influence of normal and poisonous for cells of serums by eye. The deeper he developed his theme, the more he got acquainted with clinical material, the more clearly the cause of the cloent of the transplant became him.

The point was the impossibility of the existence of tissue, foreign cells in the human body: getting into the human body, they were doomed to resorption in advance. When work on the dissertation was drawing to a close, Professor Golovin gave Filatov a new book of the “Ophthalmological Archive”. There was an article by a circus about the causes of failures with the corneum of the cornea.

In the article of the circus, the first case of the corneum transplant from man to person was described. The transplant was successful. In the year, Vladimir Petrovich brilliantly defended his dissertation. He dedicated her to his father - his first scientific leader. Since then, Filatov has become the main assistant to Golovin. And a year later, he receives a privat-end course at the Department of ophthalmology.

Teaching of ophthalmology at the University of Novorossiysk was delivered much more than in most Russian and foreign universities. After Professor Golovin went to Moscow University in the year, Filatov became the head of the department and a clinic of eye diseases. By that time, certain cases of successful partial corneal of the cornea were already known.

But Vladimir Petrovich was interested in the problem of complete corneum of the cornea, not developed by anyone. The operation was a success. But ... the transplant taken from the person nevertheless clouded. The patient left the clinic inexhaustible. Vladimir Petrovich experienced failure. Two years later, he performed the second same operation. And the results were the same - failure.

Finally, in the year he developed methods of corruption of cornea. Behind these dry words, years of hard work are hidden ... hundreds of experiments ... achievements and failures. And only thanks to the special tools designed to conduct this operation, together with the Russian “left -handed”, as well as the use of the corpse of the corpse, the transplant did not become clouded as a transplant.

For the first time, the transplantation of the corpse cornea was carried out by Filatov on May 6. Thus began the revolution in the return of vision to the blind. This day should be considered a turning point, the beginning of a new era in the fate of the entire problem of the cornea transplant. The works of Filatov are devoted to ophthalmology, plastic surgery and other branches of medicine.

Professor Filatov introduced a lot of new to the methodology of clinical examination of eye diseases, treatment of trachoma, in the issues of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. The method proposed by Filatov and gained widespread in recovery surgery is the method of leather transplanted using the so -called round skin stem proposed. The use of this method makes it possible not only to close the defects that occur during injuries and formed after removal of the cicatricial and altered tissues, but also to restore the lost and deformed organs of the nose, lips, the esophagus, the urethra, etc.

Vladimir Petrovich also belongs to the development of the doctrine of biogenic stimulants, which formed the basis of tissue therapy. Seeking a means of combating the postoperative cloudy of the transplant during the corneum transplant, Filatov observed that the additionally transplanted piece of the surface layer of the cornea leads to the enlightenment of the transplant. Further studies of Filatov and his employees showed that the planting under the skin of a person of various tissues of the animal and herbal origin has the therapeutic effect in a number of diseases eye diseases, lupus, skin ulcers, gynecological diseases, etc.

As a working hypothesis, Vladimir Petrovich expressed the provision that the conservation of tissues in special conditions is low temperature for animal tissues and the absence of light for plant tissue leads to the accumulation of the accumulation of vegetables. transplanted material of special substances exciting life processes in the transplant; These substances named by philate biogenic stimulants, being introduced into the sick organism, activate its physiological reactions and lead to recovery.

There is a beautiful bright building in Odessa, on Proletarsky Boulevard. For those who once got into it, it will forever remain memorable. This is the Ukrainian experimental Institute of Eye Diseases named after Academician V. Vladimir Petrovich Filatov has been the director of this institute since the year.Vladimir Petrovich - laureate of the Stalin Prize of the Year.

All are equally born and everyone has one death.