Biography Bozhovich

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences in Psychology, Professor. Lydia’s father is a landowner, mother is a home -made housewife. Bozhovich studied at the pedological department of the pedagogical faculty of the 2nd Moscow State University now MPSU, where L. Zaporozhets, R. Levin, N. Morozova, L. Slavina Zinchenko taught. Lidia Ilyinichna Bozhovich joint work at the Vygotsky seminar connected Bozhovich and Slavin for the whole subsequent life: “It was a powerful scientific tandem of Bozhovich - Slavin, in which one scientist complemented the other” Gutkin.

The scientific school according to the memoirs of Slavina, in the student years, Bozhovich lived in her family of parishioners. Vygotsky and A. Luria, she was performed jointly with L. Slavina's experimental study of imitation among preschoolers, later published in the journal “Cultural and Historical Psychology” Bozhovich. The historical and psychological certificate regarding the exact date of this study is given in the work of Gutkin.

In the same period, Bozhovich conducted research on the thinking of preschool children. Communication with L. Vygotsky determined the direction of the entire further scientific work of Bozhovich: his cultural and historical psychology became the basis for its research on the formation of personality. As Bozhovich wrote, “L. Vygotsky did not create a complete doctrine of the personality ...

But the approaches to the creation of such a teaching in his works exist. After all, the last stage of his scientific search was associated with the development of the problem of affect and his “meeting” with intelligence - with the problem of developing emotions and the emergence of higher feelings. And therefore, according to Bozhovich’s conviction, it is important to “continue his research precisely in their own logic” Bozhovich.

At the end of the university, Bozhovich was assigned a qualification of the teacher with the right to be the organizer of pedological work in special institutions and a teacher of pedological and pedagogical disciplines in pedagogical schools and schools of the 2nd stage with a pedagogical slope, the specialty “Psychology”. Bozhovich received a referral to the neuropsychiatric sanatorium school in the village of Ankudinovka, Gorky region: at first she worked as a teacher, then the head of the educational part.

In the city of in - gg. Bozhovich part-time taught psychology at the Kharkov Medical-Pedious Institute. In autobiography, Bozhovich wrote that in the same period, Bozhovich and A. Zaporozhets began under the leadership of A. Leontiev a study of needs and motives in the framework of the Kharkov psychological school, which had developed on the basis of the psychology sector of the All -Ukrainian Psychoneurological Academy.

At the same time, as Bozhovich noted, their discrepancy with Leontyev was gradually outlined in the views of the needs and motives: “We called motives everything that encourages the child’s activity” Bozhovich. As Bozhovich later wrote, “an experimental study of needs and motives was started in Soviet psychology by A. Leontyev and his students L. Bozhovich, A. Zaporozhets and others. In the thirties, it was carried out in Kharkov, and then continued in Moscow” Bozhovich.

The beginning of this cycle of work was studied by studies of motives for the educational activities of schoolchildren conducted in - gg. Upon returning to Moscow from September to gg. Bozhovich worked as a senior researcher at the Laboratory of Pedagogical Psychology of the Higher Communist Institute of Education of the VKIP. As Bozhovich wrote in an autobiography, all her life she was associated with L., this led to her dismissal from the institute in Bozhovich awarded the degree of candidate of pedagogical sciences in psychology.

According to V. Chudnovsky, “one of the significant conclusions of this study was the provision that the assimilation by the student of knowledge is significantly determined by his personal attitude to the assimilated material. This conclusion will continue to be one of the core areas of its research activity ”Chudnovsky. Bozhovich was awarded the title of associate professor.

In - gg. Nizhny Lomov Penza region, where she worked as a senior teacher of pedagogy and psychology at the teacher's institute. Kyshtym, Chelyabinsk region, performed the duties of the head of the department of labor therapy.

As Bozhovich wrote in an autobiography, in the last year of evacuation, she returned to research and teaching: she taught at the State Pedagogical Institute named after A. From G. at the time of the end of the war, S. Rubinstein, A. Leontyev, A. Smirnov, B. Teplov, A. Luria, A. Zaporozhets, P. Shevarev, N. Morozov, I. Solovyov, N. Rybnikov, S. Kravkov, K.

Kekcheev, N. Dobrynin and others were still young, beginners on the threshold of his scientific glory were L. Bozhovich, N. Morozhovich. Y. Neverovich Psychological subject of research of the laboratory was the motivational aspects of the learning process, which was reflected in the publications of Bozhovich. Bozhovich wrote: “... one of the most important issues of personality formation, and thereby one of the most important issues of the psychology of education, is the question of how, under what conditions, the objective relations in which the child is located become relations for him.In her opinion, the central problem of Soviet psychology of that time was the “problem of the active formation of the personality of the Soviet man, the Soviet child” in the same place, and the path to studying the personality of the child lies through “studying the relationship of the child himself to reality and, first of all, to social reality” in the same place.

It was this problem that became central in the studies of the laboratory of psychology of education in the same place. According to the Bozhovich Autobiography, the professional interests of the laboratory employees from the middle of the X. A photograph of the early xg has survived. It captures the laboratory’s employees: L. Bozhovich, E. Makhlah, L.

Blagonadezhin, L. Slavin, M. Neymark, E. Savonko, M. Alemaskin see the direction of the laboratory’s work, Bozhovich wrote: “... we believe that a further in -depth study of the child’s personality requires the adequacy of experimental methods” Bozhovich. The development of experimental methods for studying the personality of the child in the future has become a significant area of ​​research of the laboratory of Bozhovich.

Bozhovich defended her doctoral dissertation “The age laws of the formation of the personality of the child” Bozhovich. Dobrynin, G. Kostyuk, D. The purpose of the work was “to generalize and reduce the various facts and private patterns received in the studies of the formation of the child’s personality conducted in the laboratory of the psychology of the education of the student” Bozhovich.

In addition, the task was to comprehend “life phenomena that occur in everyday pedagogical practice” Bozhovich. As the main areas of research of the laboratory, the following were indicated: “We were interested in the conditions under what the child is the formation of stable personality traits, character traits, and moral beliefs, how he develops proper stable self -esteem and how he learns to set goals and control his behavior” Bozhovich.

According to the hypothesis nominated by Bozhovich, “the personality is a structure that is characterized primarily by its orientation and determines the entire system of a person’s mental life. From this provision it follows that it is impossible to arbitrarily cut off the process, property, quality from the personality as a whole, from its orientation, from the system of its relations to reality, from its experiences and actions ”Bozhovich.

Bozhovich considered the “transforming experiment” adequate to such an understanding of the personality, which involves the study of the child’s personality in the process of its active formation. The research conducted under the guidance of Bozhovich made it possible to formulate conclusions regarding the construction of the education program, which should focus “not on the individual psychological characteristics of the child, but on the integral structure of his personality, which creates some general moral and psychological appearance, characteristic of children during each period of their age development” Bozhovich.

When discussing the issue of the ratio of psychology and pedagogy, Bozhovich noted that pedagogical practice should correct a psychological study, t. Psychological research ”Bozhovich.