Biography of Karl Darwin

Try the literature selection service. You can always turn off the advertisement. The Famous Biologist, Professor of Moscow University, Popularizer of Science, Creator of the First School of Ecology. Keywords: Charles Darwin, Karl Roulery, Akmic Personality. Herzen, presented to the world in the middle of the 19th century, was literally suffered by its creators, but today it walks along the planet, having such unusual directions as social darwinism, economic Darwinism, etc.

Charles Darwin’s fate and predecessors, including in Russia. One of the outstanding evolutionists was a biologist-prospector, professor of Moscow University, director of the Zoological Museum K. Study of K. Rulee will help to comprehend the complex paths that science went to the theory of evolution. From acmeological positions, it can be argued that its formation as a scientist took place in an acmeological environment “an atmosphere of a tense search for a new worldview and courageous, albeit not always mature, but inspiring their sincerity and passion for performances against all the old and outdated in life, literature, philosophy and science”; The knowledge that he acquired during the years of exercise and the first years of work - all this was not slow to manifest itself at the very beginning of his scientific activity [1, p.

The first acmeological factor is usually recognized as a family. Karl Frantsevich was born in an old Russian city - Nizhny Novgorod Father -Sapozhnik, his mother is a midwife, and he takes the first professional step under the influence of his mother. Subsequently, he was not married, he lived alone with his old woman; He led a very modest way of life, loved to live on the outskirts of Moscow, where he had a garden, a garden, different animal pigeons, hens, goats, over which he conducted observations.

Usually he was eagerly talking with ordinary people, holding with them like equals.

He lived exclusively with scientific interests, often in need of the most necessary, as he widely helped those in need. At the age of 15, the young man enters the medical and surgical academy and lies with her and Moscow university as his student A. Bogdanov, “the steering wheel was a pupil of Moscow University, grew up under his legends”, drawing knowledge of natural sciences by brilliant professors A.

Levitsky, in the year, with the support of G. Fisher, he managed to go among the teachers to end up to the number of teachers. Department of Natural History of the Medical and Surgical Academy, and a year later the young scientist presented a dissertation on the medical problem and received the degree of Doctor of Medicine, as a result of which he was in the city At this time, the young scientist turned 23 years old [3, p.

Let us turn to the traditions of Russian science, one of which was foreign business trips to young scientists into the main scientific centers of Europe. From the trip, an inquisitive scientist brought impressions set forth in the city of animals and plants, and the constancy of species is a fiction - the conclusion that the young author came to, standing to the position of transformism in biology.

In the opinion of the steering wheel, animals should be studied not as museum samples, but in connection with the environment in which they live, that is, in connection with their way of life: only such an study of animals and can give a harmonious picture of the unity of nature and will allow you to build a true system of the animal world [3, p. In the works of K. Rulei, the environment occupies a special place, and it practically became the founder of the ecology in Russia, and much earlier than this industry was formed in other countries into independent scientific discipline.

The abstracts of the doctoral dissertation, which have reached modern scientists, serve as convincing evidence that one of the sources of the teachings of the steering wheel on the unity and interaction of the body and the environment is the tradition of advanced medical thought in Russia to consider the origin of the disease and its course in inextricable dependence on the conditions of life of the patient [1, p.

The young scientist finds and worthy occupies a place in the scientific environment after the release of the article “Doubts about zoology as a science”, which acts as a well-established analyst, a follower of Lamarc, St. Iler, as well as a methodologist who decisively opposing the unilateral fan of the theory, for the combination of empiricism and the theory of speculation. By the way, at this time the problem of the method was acute in science, and, in particular, A.

Herzen wrote: “The method in science is not at all a matter of personal taste or some external convenience, the worldview of K. Rulee is expressed by the following ideas: 1 nature represents a single, coherent whole; 2 Nature is continuously moving, developing; 3 The development of the organic world, in particular the world of animals, is caused by the influence of a change in the external environment [3, p.

Evolution, according to the teaching of the steering wheel, is expressed by a number of post-references in the external and internal structure of organisms. Development is a gradual allocation of diversity and opposites.The steering wheel left a mark on the conjugated sciences, including working as the secretary of the Moscow Society of Nature Testers and the editor of the magazine "Bulletin of Natural Sciences" in a foreign language: Paleontology and Geology, such an authoritative geologist as Professor A.

Pavlov accepted the division proposed by the steering wheel, and proceeded from his scheme in his research [3, p. The participation of the steering wheel in the preparation of the vocabulary of the Russian language was especially noted by N. Chernyshevsky, who showed a keen interest in this dictionary and himself participated in work on it [2, p. A deep spiritual connection with the national culture was manifested in the love of the Basic-writer I.

Krylov, the Lermontov “demon”, who at that time walked in the lists; In a personal acquaintance with S., in a professional description, it is necessary to identify three directions: as a scientist, as a lecturer, as a popularizer of science. At the same time, bright personal and professional qualities were harmoniously combined in the scientist of K. Ruley: he was a living, energetic, enthusiastic person who gathered a whole group of employees around him, part of his listeners, part of unauthorized persons, and traveled and traveled around them near Moscow - near and distant, looking in neighboring province [3, p.

The steering wheel had a wide generalizing mind, the facts without conclusions did not matter to him, so its desire to build from the actual material collected in the suburbs the general picture of the historical development of animal life in the place of the present Moscow in different geological periods, including literary sources for this. The scientist was given to the new scientific idea completely: in the last years of his life, he was carried away by the acclimatization of animals, since it practically confirmed the views on the variability of animals when moving to a new life.

With the support of K. Rulei at the beginning of G. Great, the influence of K. Ruley as the head of the scientific direction in biology, which his contemporaries and especially students recognized: A. Bogdanov, who owes him lectures at the university and conversations for the scientific problems in the teacher’s house; N. Severstsov, who conducted a study, which has become the largest achievement of world science according to the plan developed steering; Ya.

Borzenkov and S. Usov, whom the steering wheel introduced into a lively, active life, made, among other things, the accomplices in the work of the “messenger of the natural sciences”, the society of nature testers, instilled the values ​​of the scientist: “For a genuine scientist there is no separation between science and public duty, duty to the people” [2, p. A beautiful speaker, K.

Rulee readily spoke publicly: in the year he held a course of public lectures at Moscow University, which was present at A. Herzen, who noted their great success and positive significance in the article “Moscow Vedomosti”. An even greater success was a repeated series of lectures given in the city of these three lectures by an entire event was a university hall was crowded and could barely accommodate everyone, the impression of the lecturer’s performance was huge.

The glory of a brilliant speaker and a brave original thinker attracted “all educated Moscow”, and the entire collection from the sale of tickets for these “readings” was intended to help the needy students 2, with a peculiarity of the teacher K. Rulei, the introduction of new knowledge received and not yet published, the thoughts of the scientist in the audience.

Visibility is the principle of a new type of scientist -pedagogue. The steering wheel outlined the theory of the transition of lower forms of animals to the highest, in the bud of the theory of evolution, which currently constitutes the principle of the doctrine of organisms. To the second, he brought a scarecrow of karakatics. On this stuffed steering wheel, the formation of the animal and its organs in accordance with the use of environmental conditions and the needs of organic life so brightly and clearly showed that the karakatitsa seemed to be solely blown up from the shapeless protoplasm ”[2, p.

Contemporaries appreciated the wealth and high artistic virtues of the scientist: “Mr. The steering wheel is well speaking the language, and the new scientific words used by him are not only accurate and clarity, but also in beauty, taste” [domestic notes. As a popularizer of science, the scientist proved himself in the journal “Bulletin of the Natural Sciences”, where he placed 32 articles in the city of leadership found a new face in connection with the task: each article should become a new smear of an integral integrative picture: none of the preceding and modern magazines managed to combine the depth and depth, many subsequent magazines, and many subsequent magazines Popularization and development of new in science, a variety of material and the unity of views.

Unfortunately, the death of the steering wheel in the year allowed the magazine to fall into the hands of his former ally, and at that time the enemy, Auerbach, changing his character to an academic in the bad sense of the word, to lose his subscribers and close. Mikulinsky S. Karl Franzovich Ruley. Scientist, man and teacher. Raikov B. Darwin's predecessors in Russia.

Rules K.Selected biological works. Solovyeva, DSC. Mikulinskij S. ISTORII BIOLOGII V Rossii V Gody 19 Veka K Voprosu O Formirovanii K. Predshestveniki Darvina v Rossii. Izbrannye biologichesheskie proizvedenija.